Foreningen / Hipparcos og Gaia 6-Maj-2010 /
Dansk Datahistorisk Forening og Kroppedal Museum inviterer til en foredragsaften med titlen:
Hipparcos og Gaia - to satellitter med dansk og svensk indsats gennem 85 år
Torsdag den 6. maj 2010 kl. 19.30 på Kroppedal Museum,
Kroppedals Allé 3, 2630 Taastrup.
Offentlig transport: Buslinie 143 fra Ballerup St./Vallensbæk St. til Risby.
Derefter 1,5 km til fods / ca. 20 min.
Foredragene er gratis og foregår fortrinsvist på engelsk. Tilmelding sker på info@kroppedal.dk
Astrometriske og databehandlingsmæssige udfordringer gennem tiderne belyses gennem to foredrag af førende
forskere på området (se
http://www.kroppedal.dk/astronomi/gaia.html og
http://www.astro.lu.se/~lennart/Astrometry/).
Tankevækkende at GIER blev konstrueret for 50 år siden med henblik på at løse
104 lineære ligninger med lige så mange ubekendte - nu handler det om med
dagens computerteknologi at løse ulineære ligninger med en milliard ubekendte !
Associate prof. Erik Høg, Niels Bohr Institutet, Københavns Universitet (www.astro.ku.dk/~erik )
From an experiment in 1925 to the Hipparcos and Gaia space missions (indlæg evt. på dansk)
A teenager, Bengt Strömgren, made an astrometric experiment in 1925 which had
wide-reaching consequences. The direct connection from Strömgren's
photoelectric recording of stellar transits on the old meridian circle in
Copenhagen to the Hipparcos and Gaia space missions is presented in the
lecture. Peter Naur was astronomer and I was his student and collaborator
1953-58 and very interested in techniques. Working in the Hamburg Observatory
from 1958-73 I invented and developed a semi-automatic meridian circle for an
expedition to Perth in Western Australia and a GIER computer went with it. With
this experience I could make a new design of an astrometric space mission in
1975 which developed into the Hipparcos mission.
In 1973 I found Lennart Lindegren as a young student in Lund and from 1976 he
was the key person in the Hipparcos data reduction. - This must be seen on the
astronomical background of the past century. Astrophysics flourished, but this
brought astrometry almost to extinction because it was considered to be dull
and old-fashioned, especially by young astronomers. Astrometry is the old
branch of astronomy, in fact 2000 years of age, which performs accurate
measurements of positions, motions and distances of stars and other celestial
bodies, and astrometric data are of great scientific and practical importance
for investigation of celestial phenomena and also for control of telescopes and
satellites and for monitoring of Earth rotation.
 GIER installation in Perth, photo: Bernd Loibl
Gaia - solving non-linear equations with a billion unknowns (indlæg på engelsk)
Gaia builds on the extremely successful Hipparcos mission, launched in 1989 by
the European Space Agency, in order to map the sky with unprecedented accuracy
and detail. Taking advantage of the latest detector technology, manufacturing
methods, and high-power computing, Gaia will outperform Hipparcos by many
orders of magnitude in terms of accuracy, number of objects, and volume of
space surveyed.
Gaia is to be launched in September 2012, and will after a few months take up
its observing position at the Lagrange point L2, 1.5 million km away from the
Earth. During five or six years it will continuously scan the whole sky,
registering the exact positions and motions of a billion stars, and dispatch an
enormous quantity of data back to the Earth. The processing of this data,
converting it to a star catalogue eagerly awaited by astronomers around the
world, is by itself a great challenge, perhaps as large and difficult as the
making of the satellite. It is estimated that the data analysis effort to
produce the Gaia catalogue is about one sextillion (1021) floating point
operations. A significant part of this is the simultaneous determination of the
positions, proper motions and parallaxes of more than one billion stars, which
requires the solution of a non-linear least-squares problem with several
billion unknowns.
In this talk I will give a general overview of Gaia and its current status, and
explain why the data analysis must involve the solution of extremely large
systems of equations. In fact, it is only thanks to the steady increase in
computing power, following Moore's law, that this problem can practically be
solved in time for the launch of Gaia.
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